Varicocele Surgery:
Is It Worth It?
Make an informed decision.
Incisional Surgery |
Laparoscopic Surgery |
Embolization (Radiology) |
|
Pregnancy |
1 in 7 |
1 in 7 |
1 in 17 |
Semen Improvement |
20-40% |
20-40% |
10-35% |
Testosterone |
None to mild improvement |
None to mild improvement |
None to mild improvement |
Pain Relief |
None to mild improvement |
None to mild improvement |
None to mild improvement |
|
Incisional Surgery |
Laparoscopic Surgery |
Embolization (Radiology) |
Pre-Operative Risks: Local Anesthetic |
n/a |
n/a |
minimal risks |
Pre-Operative Risks: General Anesthetic |
Hypotension Hypoxia Arrhythmia |
Hypotension Hypoxia Arrhythmia CO2 Embolus Acidosis Hypercarbia |
Hypotension Hypoxia Arrhythmia |
Intra-Operative Risks |
Bleeding Injury to the pubic arteries Arterial ligation Nerve damage Failure at attempt (1%-5%) Loss of testicle on side of the surgery (1%) Injury to a nerves in the pubic area |
Injury to the pubic arteries Trocar injury (bowel, bladder) Preperitoneal insufflation Failure at attempt (1%-5%) Loss of testicle on side of the surgery (1%) Injury to a nerves in the pubic area |
Adverse reaction to contrast (x-ray) dye Vascular allergy X-ray radiation exposure Bleeding from vein perforation (rupture) (1%) Thrombosis of major veins Failure at attempt (15-30%) |
Post-Operative Risks |
Hematoma Shrinking of the testicle on the side of the surgery (1%) Hydrocele (5-10%) Persistent/recurrent varicocele (5-10%) Pain pills (2-6 weeks) Genitofemoral Nerve Injury Scrotal Emphysema Umbilical Granulomas Infection at site of surgery (1%) Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (5%) Pulmonary embolus (PE) (1%) Onset of pain where there was none before (1%) Failure to relieve pain (15%) Continued infertility (86%) Decreased fertility Permanent scarring at incision site Lowered testosterone levels |
Unrecognized bowel injury Omental eviscertain Abdominal wall emphysema (4.5%) Pneumoscrotum (2.6%) Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (5%) Hydrocele (5-15%) Persistent/recurrent varicocele (10-25%) Pain pills (2-6 weeks) Infection at site of surgery (1%) Shrinking of the testicle on the side of the surgery (1%) Pulmonary embolus (PE) (1%) Onset of pain where there was none before (1%) Failure to relieve pain (15%) Continued infertility (86%) Decreased fertility Permanent scarring at incision site Lowered testosterone levels |
Hematoma (2%) Coil migration resulting in testicular loss (1%) Hydrocele (10-20%) Persistent/recurrent varicocele (10-30%) Pain pills (2 days - 1 week) Continued infertility (94%) Failure to relieve pain Onset of pain where there was none before Decreased fertility Lowered testosterone levels |
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